1. 并列的理解
提到并列,考生们最为熟悉的就是并列连词“and”,其实but,or等表示语义转折或者选择的也是并列连词,并列指的是句法结构上而非语义上。此外,常见的并列形式有词与词,短语与短语,从句与从句,以及句子与句子。简便而言,可以把前三类归为并列结构,而把句子与句子的并列称为并列句。
2. 并列结构
考生们需要首先了解的是,句子的八大成分——主谓宾表、定状补同都可以出现并列结构。如在句子His father and mother are fond of beating him and his elder brother. 中主语和宾语部分都出现了并列结构,在真题例句And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 中,并列连词yet连接的是定语从句中的谓语,其它成分亦如此。由此可见,并列结构在英语句子中无处不在,任何一个成分都可以出现。另外,如前面所提到,常见的并列形式有词与词,短语与短语,从句与从句的并列,在limited and mixed,either with their teeth or with their lips,以及句子One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.中分别出现了词与词,短语与短语,从句与从句的并列。当然,还会出现词与短语等特殊形式的并列。把握住上述两点后,考生们需要对一些常见的并列连词有所掌握,如表示语义顺承的and,as well as,not only...but also,both...and等,表示语义选择的or,either...or, neither...nor, 表示语义转折的but,yet,rather than等。
3. 并列句
当用并列连词连接两个句子时即为并列句,两个句子在语法功能上是等同的关系。并列句常用的并列连词有表示语义顺承的and,not only...but also; 表示语义选择的or,whether...or;表示语义转折的but,yet;表示语义对比的while,whereas;表示结果的so等等。并列句相对较为简单,掌握上述并列连词后很容易识别。如在句子Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would
happen next. 中是由并列连词either...or...连接的两个句子。