2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)
Part IWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．
Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
1. A.She is impatient to learn computer programming.
B.She is unaware her operation system is outdated.
C.She is unable to use the new computer program.
D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.
2.A.He has long been fed up with traveling.
B.He prefers to stay home for the holiday.
C.He is going out of town for a couple of days.
D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.
3.A.The challenges facing East Asia.
B.The location for their new office.
C.Their expansion into the overseas market
D. The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.
4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.
B.The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.
C.The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.
D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.
5.A.The building materials will be delivered soon.
B.The project is being held up by bad weather.
C.The construction schedule may not be met.
D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.
6.A.She is getting very forgetful these days.
B.She does not hold on to bitter feelings.
C.She resents the way she is treated.
D. She never intends to hurt anyone.
7.A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.
B.The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.
C.The woman is moving to a foreign country.
D.The man is trying to sell the woman a house.
8. A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.
B.They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.
C.They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.
D.They are conducting a survey among the women in town.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.Touch his heart.
B.Make him cry.
C.Remind him of his life.
D.Make him feel young.
10. A.He is good at singing operas.
B.He enjoys complicated music:
C.He can sing any song if he likes it.
D.He loves country music in particular.
11.A.Go to a bar and drink for hours.
B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues.
C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall.
D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A.How he became an announcer.
B.How he writes news stories.
C.How he makes his living.
D.How he does his job.
13.A.They write the first version of news stories.
B.They gather news stories on the spot.
C.They polish incoming news stories.
D.They write comments on major news stories.
14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.
B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air.
C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.
D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.
15.A.It shows where advertisements come in.
B.It gives a signal for him to slow down.
C.It alerts him to something important.
D.It serves as a reminder of sad news.
Section B
Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children.
B.It is often carried around by small children.
C.It can be found in many parts of the world.
D.It was invented by an American Indian.
17. A.They were made for earning a living.
B.They were delicate geometric figures.
C.They were small circus figures made of wire.
D.They were collected by a number of museums.
18.A.In art.
B.In geometry.
C.In engineering.
D.In circus performance.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.
B.They attract students from all over the world.
C.They admit more students than they can handle.
D.They have trouble dealing with overseas students.
20. A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.
B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.
C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.
D.Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.
21. A.He likes students with high motivation.
B.He enjoys teaching intelligent students.
C.He tailors his teaching to students' needs.
D.He treats all his students in a fair manner.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A.It is mostly imported from the Middle East.
B.It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.
C.It has a direct impact on the international oil market.
D.It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.
23. A.It eventually turns into heat.
B.It is used in a variety of forms.
C.Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.
D.Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.
24.A.When it is used in rural areas.
B.When it is environment-friendly.
C.When it operates at near capacity.
D.When it operates at regular times.
25.A.Traffic jams in cities.
B.Inefficient use of energy.
C.Fuel shortage.
D.Global warming.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to 26 and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and 27 connections.
Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work with statistics 28 data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks, 29 those in economics, contain appendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.
Make it a practice to 30 attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics. These elements 31 and usually explain what you are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the 32 questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)Whatkey idea is the author 33 ?
One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption. 34 , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text 35 that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .
The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.
But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.
Nonetheless, it's smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.
A.advocates
B.compact
C.correlation
D.exercise
E. facilities
F. interaction
G. investigating
H. overwhelmed
I. particles
J. permanent
K. restricted
L. simulating
M. statistical
N. tighten
O. vulnerable
Section B
Directions : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions
[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can't turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币 ), or even a few thousand dimes.
[ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( 大圆石 ), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.
[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.
[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.
[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.
[ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.
[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “ Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置 ) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的 ) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.
[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.
[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding another layer of difficulty.
[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!
The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.
[ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. "
[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.
46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.
47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.
48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.
49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.
50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.
51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.
52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.
53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.
54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.
55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.
A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "
But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively.than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.
The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.
In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary,professional standing, and educational background.
The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.
Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "
56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?
57. A.It is free from racial biases.
B.It represents social progress.
C.It is in the interest of common Americans.
D.It follows the standard naming practice.
57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?
A.It advances with the times.
B.It is based on racial roots.
C.It merits intensive study.
D.It is politically sensitive.
58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?
A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.
B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.
C.Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.
D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.
59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?
A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.
B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.
C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.
D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.
60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?
A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.
B.A person is judged by their worth.
C.A new term is created to address African Americans.
D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.
Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.
Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.
These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.
61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?
A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.
B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.
C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.
D.It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.
62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?
A.The diluted college curriculum.
B.The boring classroom activities.
C.The absence of rigorous discipline.
D.The outdated educational approach.
63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?
A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.
B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.
C.They seem to be out of touch with society.
D.They prioritize non-academic activities.
64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?
A.They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.
B.They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.
C.They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.
D.They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.
65. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?
A.American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.
B.People should not expect too much from American higher education.
C. The current situation in American higher education may not last long.
D.It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.
Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you .are allowed 30,minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机，、不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚(Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同j这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造严品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第2套)
Part II Listening Comprehension
1. W: I'm so frustrated with this new computer program. I just can't figure it out.
M: I know what you mean. It could be overwhelming, especially since the technology is always changing.By the time you learn one program, it's outdated.
Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
C.四个选项均是以She开头的句子，前三个选项中出现了含有im．，un．这类表示否定前缀的词语，以及computer，outdated，program，technology等与电脑程序相关的词汇．故推测该对话内容以某女士与计算机程序之间发生的不好的事件为主。
对话中女士表示自己很郁闷，弄不明白新的电脑程序，也就是选项C中“不会使用”的意思；选项B的干扰性较大，男士指出现在技术变化快，系统更新得也快．并不是说女士的系统过时了，故答案为C。
2. W: Don't you wish you were going away for the holiday?
M: No, I'm happy to stay at home. It's pretty irritating having to fight all that holiday traffic just to get out of town for a couple of days.
Q: What does the man mean?
B.四个选项均是以He开头的句子，通过选项中出现的traveling，holiday，traffic可以判断该对话与男士的假期出行有关。
对话中男士明确提出“他宁愿待在家里”，故答案为B。
3. W: We're new in East Asia, so we have to be careful in choosing the location for our regional office.
M: Well, Tokyo and Singapore are both attractive, but the living expenses there are incredibly high.
Q: What are the speakers discussing?
四个选项均为名词词组，故推测该题考查对话谈论的主要内容。通过选项中出现的地名
East Asia, Tokyo and Singapore 以及 office, market 可以判断对话与贸易市场有关。
对话中女士指出她们新进入东亚市场，因此在选择区域办公室所在城市时务必谨慎，男士也相应地指出了两个备选城市的优缺点，故答案为B。
4. W: Excuse me, did anybody see my cell phone after the last show? It may have slipped out of my pocket during the performance.
M: In fact, we found several. Please go check at the ticket counter.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A.前三个选项均含有cell phone(S)；再结合选项B)、C)中的left，find可以推测，对话和女士丢手机有关；只有选项D)没有提到手机，因此成为答案的几率很小，但是其中提到的地点——售票处——应该与丢手机有关。
对话中男士提到演出结束后他们捡到了好几个手机，让女士去售票处找，故答案为A。
5. W: Will you be able to complete the project on time?
M: Well, I'm having my carpenters work full time, but some important building materials are being delayed at the customs.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
C.四个选项均为句子，且主语各不相同，因此本题考查对话的综合内容。buildin9和construction与建筑相关，held up(耽搁)和schedule与时间相关，再结合bad weather和not be met这类消极方面的词汇，可推测对话内容与建筑工程未能按时完工有关。
对话中女士询问工程是否能够按时完工，男士提到木工们全天都在工作，但是一些重要材料在过海关时耽搁了，也就是说他们也许不能按时完工，故答案为C。
6. W: I wish I hadn't hurt Jane's feelings like that. You know I never meant to.
M: One thing I like about Jane is she doesn't harbor resentment. I guess she has forgotten all about it by tomorrow.
Q: What does the man say about Jane?
四个选项均是以She开头的句子，故该题考查与女士相关的信息；同时选项中出现了bitter feelings，treated，hurt，故推测对话与某人的情感受到伤害有关；此外，not，never的出现提示考生应注意听取表示否定的内容。
该题要关注的不是对话中的女士，而是他们提到的Jane；对话中，女士担心自己伤害了Jane，男士则指出Jane的一个优点就是不记仇，不高兴的事很快就忘了，故答案为B。
7. M: The next place I will show you is going for a great price. The owners are moving to a foreign country,so they have to sell it immediately.
W: It's beautiful. I like the small apartment attached to the back. We can rent it out to help with our mortgage payments.
Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?
四个选项的主语两个是woman，两个是man，因此推测该题考查对话双方的综合信息；选项中出现了mortgage“抵押贷款”．通常是买房时用到，再结合rent，apartment，sell，house等词可推测，该对话与买卖房屋或者租房有关。
对话中男士在带女士看房，并且说价钱很合适，而且女士也比较满意，认为可以将后面的小套房租出去，以便补贴抵押贷款，故答案为D。
8. W: Did you read the Morning News? They did a story on our election campaign.
M: Sure. I guess it will spark some interest among the women in town. Without their votes, we won't be able to win the election.
Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?
四个选项均为They are V-ing形式的句子，故推测该题考查对话双方正在做的事情；选项B)、C)中出现了re．elected，campaign，voters等词，可推测对话与选举有关，选项C)、D)出现了women一词，可推测该选举活动与女性有关。
对话中女士指出，《晨报》报道了她们的选举活动，男士认为报道可以引起城里女性的关注，没支持，就很难赢得选举(注意不是竞选连任)，也就是说他们活动的目的就是吸引女性投票者，C)。有她们的故答案为Conversation One
W: Charles, as a singer, do you ever make yourself cry when you sing?
M: No, not at this age. I'm an old man. (9) But the songs can still get through to me.
W: What song writers are currently exciting you?
M: I don't know much about song writers. Once in a while, I'll listen to the radio to see what they are putting out, but it's not too often I hear something I like. Somebody like Art Tatum can make me sit up and take notice, but some music, like rap, isn't very musical and I can't learn anything from it. You got to do something more than talk to me.
W: What's the most difficult kind of music to sing?
M: It depends. ( 10-1 ) If I like something, I can sing it. I did the opera Porgiam best and that's said to be a complicated piece of music. And I can do country music, blues and love songs. (10-2) On the other hand, I can't sing something I don't like and that's one of my defects.
W: Can you perform music that's out of tune with the mood you might be in on a given night?
M: Yes, because when you sing, you are like an actor performing a part. Once you get out there, you become that part，only you’re using music instead of dialogue．(11)I am the kind of a person that ff my personal life is hurting,I can go to work and the music will take over．It's like a guy who goes to a bar and drinks．For those few hours，I can wrap myself up in my music．
未听先知:预览四道题各选项，其中出现了him，singing，operas，country music，blues等词，因此预测对话的主角是一位从事音乐事业的男士；另外选项中提到了多种音乐形式，因此该题会涉及男士所从事的音乐类型；第9题和第ll题均为动作题，需要注意对话中出现的动词。第9题中出现了feel young，结合我们推测的音乐主题，进一步推测该题考查音乐对男士的影响；第11题四个选项均以G0开头，因此对话中应该也会涉及男士去某处的内容。
9．What does Charles say songs call do when he sings them?
A:详解:四个选项均是动词词组，读题时要选取主要词汇，如Touch…heart，Make…cry，feel young等，都是关于音乐给人带来影响的词汇，因此本题考查音乐给男士带来的影响。对话中男士提到他现在岁数大了，已经过了因为音乐而哭泣的年龄，但是音乐仍能让他感动，get through to me在这里意为“打动我”，故答案为A。
10．What does Charles say about himself as a singer?
C:详解:四个选项均是句子，出现了enjoys，likes，loves等表示喜好的词汇，其中operas和country music分属不同种类的音乐，故推测该题考查男士喜欢演唱的音乐类型。对话中男士提到如果他喜欢某种音乐，他就可以唱，不喜欢就不唱。故答案为C)。
11．研Iat would Charles do when his personal life is hurting?
D：详解:四个选项均是以Go t0开头的词组，bar，place，concert hall是地点词汇，to sing，to see，to work是动作词汇，因此推断本题考查男士去某处做某事的具体内容。对话中男士指出如果个人生活中遇到失意的事情，他会去工作，全身心投入到(wrap myself up)音乐中去，音乐就会取代(take over)不开心的事，酒吧喝酒只是男士做的一个类比，故答案为D。
W：1 wonder if you could tel me a little bit about your job as a radio announcer．(12)What do you actually do and how do you prepare for your job?
M：Well，in the news room I am sitting with reporters and news—subs，as though I air sitting in a newspaper news room．
W：Sorry，what do you mean by news—subs?
M：(13)They are sub-editors．They are the people who write the news stories as they come in．The stories are then passed to the senior duty editor and the assistant editor．As stories go through the chain of people．they are refined．corrected and sorted out until they come finally to me and(14一1)I have a chance to read through most stories before I go on the air．Of course．sometimes things happen at the last moment and I don’t have a chance．So I've just got to do my best．and take a couple of seconds to look through the first few lines before I launch into somethin9．Because it’s such a pity if you start off on a bright tone on a story and suddenly realize you are talking about some people having been killed in a road crash．(14—2) It is very important to just have a quick flip through．
W：There is nothing to mark what out of entity on your piece of paper．
M：(15)N0，I have my own little mark．If it's something sad，I'II put a small cross at the top．That’s my little clue．So while I am working on the news．I'm just absorbing the news and checking pronunciations．
“未听先知:预览四道题各选项，其中出现了he，living，job，news stories，由此预测对话与男士的新闻工作有关；第l2题均以How开头，因此要留心对话中关于询问的内容；第l4题均为动名词开头，故应注意对话中可能会出现的动名词；第13、l5题的主语不是主人公he，而分别是They和It，因此在听的过程中要分辨其分别指的是什么。
what does the woman want to know about the man?
D)。详解:四个选项均是以“How he+动词”开头，an announcer，livin9，job都与工作有关，故推测该题与男士的工作相关。对话中，女士问男士的工作具体是做什么的以及要做哪些准备工作，也就是在问他的工作是怎么进行的，故答案为D)。
13．What does the man say news—subs do?
A)。详解:四个选项均是以“They+d0”开头的句子，每句话中均出现了news stories，因此本题考查他们对新闻故事做了什么处理：写、收集、润色还是评论?注意They肯定是对话中提到的某一类人。对话中男士解释了news．subs的职责，说他们是副编辑，有新闻故事的时候，由他们进行编写，然后稿子才会转到高级责编和助理编辑手中做进一步处理，也就是说他们是新闻稿件的初稿撰写人，故答案为A)。
14．What does the mall say is a big challenge for him?
B。详解：四个选项均是名词词组，选项中出现了Readin9，voice，pronounced，均是与朗读有关的词汇，因此推测该题与朗读新闻时的动作有关。对话中男士指出播音之前通常有时间可以事先读完大部分的新闻故事，但是往往在最后关头也会有其他事情发生，因此并不是每次都有机会提前阅读，而事先看一眼非常重要，因为这样能够避免工作中的失误，故答案为B)。
15. What role does the man say his small cross place?
四个选项均是以It开头的句子，选项B)、C)的谓语动词后均出现了宾语9ives…him，alerts him，故推测It是在协助男士做某事，故本题可能考查It对男士的作用。对话中男士表示他会用小叉号标记悲伤的新闻故事，故答案为D)。
Passage One
You probably know what a mobile is, but the mobile I'm talking about is a delicate object of decoration hanging from the ceding and moving gently with every breath. (16) It delights both children and adults. Now,do you know who invented the mobile? This lovely creation was the work of an American artist named Alexander Calder. Calder became interested in making things when he was a child. And even then he often
used wire in his constructions. When he went to college, he studied engineering rather than art. (18) But he quickly realized that art was his real passion. (17) He also loved the circus, and many of his early artworks were small circus figures made with wire. In about 1930, Calder turned from realistic wire figures to abstract ones. He began constructing objects that have circles, squares and other geometric shapes. To get the shapes to move, he used small motors. Then he went one step beyond these early mobiles. He got the shapes in his constructions to move by themselves. A mobile may look simple as it shifts in the wind, but it requires careful
construction to work properly. Calder used his engineering knowledge to create his first mobiles. Often these consisted of small pieces of brightly printed metal strung by wire to a thicker base wire. Calder learn how to find the precise point to connect each wire so that all the pieces will sway in harmony. In doing so, he createdan art form for people all over the world to copy and enjoy.
预览三道题的选项，很难从其中找出范畴接近的词汇进而推测文章大意。第l6题主语一致，都是It，并且children出现了两次，因此推测It应该与孩子有关；第l7题主语为复数They，表明短文中会提到复数的东西，并且是人物形象figures，细心的考生这时可能会发现该题中的made和上题中的invented范畴接近，都含有“发明，制作”的意思，故猜测短文可能是关于制作孩子喜欢的人物形象。
16. What does the speaker say about a mobile?
四个选项的主语均是It，其中children出现了两次，综合未听先知的信息点，以及选项中出现的carried，found，invented，可推测本题可能考查某种与孩子有关的事物的性质特点。短文中指出成年人和孩子都喜欢风铃，故答案为A)。
17. What do we learn about many of Alexander Calder's early artworks?
四个选项均是以They开头的过去时句子，因此询问的是过去发生的事情。B)、C)选项极为
接近，都是形容词作表语，修饰figures，因此推断这里的They指的就是figures(人物)，该题考查这些人物形象的相关内容。短文中指出Calder的早期作品都是用线制成的马戏团的小人物形象，后来才转向抽象的形象，故答案为C)。
18. Where does Alexander Calder’s real passion lie?
四个选项均是“In+名词”构成的介词短语，art，geometry和engineerin9属于学科领域，因此推测该题可能考查Calder在设计风铃时应用的学科或者Calder本人的学科或兴趣。题目考查的是Calder本人的真正热情所在，短文中提到他的真正爱好是艺术，故答案为A)。
Passage Two
If sheer numbers provide any proof, America's universities are the envy of the world. (19) For all their troubles, the United States' 3,500 institutions were flooded with more than haft a million students from 193countries last year. Asia led the way, with the biggest number from China, followed by Japan and India. Most European and Asian universities provide an elite service to a small number of people. While fully 64% of all U.S. high school graduates attend college of some point in their life, just 30% of the comparable German population,28% of the French,20% of the British, and 37% of the Japanese preceed beyond high school.Britains who pass their A levels may still not qualify for a top university at home, but find American universities far more welcoming. Some U. S. schools acknowledge the rigor of European secondary training, and will give up to a year's credit to foreigners who have passed their high school exams.(20) The conception that everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential is a highly democratic and compassionate standard, says MarvenBreselor, a professor at Princeton University. True, not all U. S. students can match the performance of their foreign counterparts, but the American institutions do offer students from rich and poor families alike the chance to realize their full potential. "America educates so many more people at university that one can't expect all those who go to be as intelligent as the much narrower band in British universities," says the professor Christopher Rakes at Boston University, (21) "I'm not against elitism, but I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn. "
顶览三道题的选项，由students，good education和teaching可推断短文与教育、教学有关。第l9题主语为They，students均是作为宾语出现，故推测短文开头会提及复数主语与学生之间的关系；结合第20题可知，短文可能涉及优秀教育的意义；结合第21题出现的He和his students可知，短文中还会涉及一位教育工作者。
19. What does the speaker say about the America's universities?
四个选项均是以They开头的句子，宾语都是students，根据A)中的0ffer…courses可推测They指的可能是学校；代入B)选项也成立；因此该题考查的是某些学校的学生情况。短文中指出“尽管这些大学也存在着一些问题，去年美国的3500所大学吸引了来自全球l93个国家的50多万名学生”，be flooded with意为“充斥”，暗指学生如潮水般涌入美国大学，也就是说，美国大学吸引了来自世界各地的学生。短文中的troubles并非指学生太多或学校无法应付，因此选项C)、D)可以排除，故答案为B)。
20. What is Americans' view on education according to Professor Marven Breselor?
D)四个选项中出现了Everyone，benefit，good education contributes，因此推测该题考查的是优秀教育的意义及其与个人的关系。短文中马文·布莱斯勒教授明确提出“每个人都有权利接受与自己潜能相匹配的教育，这个概念是高度民主和善意的标准”，故答案为D。优秀教育己潜能相
21. What do we learn from Professor Christopher Rakes' remark?
四个选项均是以He开头的句子，his students表明He是一位老师，结合likes，enjoys这些积极的词汇可推测，该题与这位教师的优秀教学有关。在短文最后，克里斯特弗·瑞克斯教授指出“我不反对精英主义，但是我碰巧喜欢教那些学习欲望更加强烈的人”，即他喜欢学习动力强的学生，故答案为A。
Passage Three
(22) Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30 million barrels of oil each day. That's energy in all forms--off, gas, coal, nuclear, solar and even wind power.(23) Viewed from scientists' standpoint, all the energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work; the rest is lost or rejected, radiated into the atmosphere from the engines,motors, boilers and all the other energy-consuming machinery that makes Americans' wheels go around. (25-1 ) If we could figure out how to improve the efficiency with which we use energy, we can do a lot more work with the energy that is available. With money and careful planning, we can boost efficiency up to a point. Yet improvement won't come easily, it won't come overnight and there are limits beyond which not even science can take us. According to the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, about three quarters of energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work. (25-2) In terms of efficiency and
cleanness, buses, trains and other forms of public or mass transportation are superior to the private automobile. (24) But only if they operate at near capacity, otherwise, their overall efficiency is poor. For some people, mass transit might answer all transportation needs. For others, a combination of mass transit and private transportation may be desirable. Better design and wiser use of both mass transit systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping America get more out of energy used for transportation.
预览四道题的选项，由选项中的0il，heat，pollution，enviroment-friendly，energy，Feul等词可以推测，短文与能源和环保有关；根据第24题各选项中的When，需要关注短文中提到的时间点；第25题是抽象的名词短语，推测可能会考查文章的中心议题。
22. What does the speaker say about energy used in the United States?
四个选项均是以It开头的句子，C、D中均出现了oil，可推测该题可能与石油相关。短文中提到美国人每天使用的能源等于3千多万桶石油，故答案为D)。
23. What do scientists say about energy contained in fuel?
四个选项均是与it相关的句子，其中还出现了turns into heat，air pollution之类的词，可猜测it肯定与能源有关系。短文中提到，燃料里所含的全部能源迟早都会变成热量，故答案为A。
24. When does mass transit prove superior to private vehicles?
四个选项均以When开头，used和operates均为表示使用、操作类的词汇，因此推测本题与使用某物的条件有关。短文中提到公共交通工具只有在发挥最大能效时，才能在能源使用效率和清洁度上优于私人交通工具，故答案为C。
25. What seems to be the speaker's biggest concern?
四个选项均是抽象名词，推测可能与短文的中心思想有关。短文中提到了各种交通工具，但是没有涉及交通拥堵，故可排除A；能源短缺是事实，但短文中并没有重点关注，故可排除C；短文只是提到能源最终变成了热量，但并没有引申到全球变暖的话题，故可排除D；说话者多处提到efficiency，并指出了效率的重要性，“资金投入加之详细计划，我们可以提高能源使用效率”，同时对交通工具的低能效表示关注，因此他真正关注的是能源利用率不足，希望提高使用效率，故答案为B。
26. illustrate比空前面是to，需要填入动词原形，构成不定式，与后面的动词原形expand并列，而且习型，也可以推断此处应该填人一个动词原形。illustrate意为“用(事例、图画)说明”。
27.此空前面是表示并列的and，后面是一个名词，因此应该填入一个动名词与前面的 clarifying portraying relationships陶成并列形式，共同作为介词of后面的补足语。clarifying意为“说明，澄清”。
28. derived from此空前面是完整的一句话，并以一个名词结束，后面and…又是一个完整的句子，因此该空以及其后的data应该是第一个分句中的从属部分；该句句意为“由数据而来的统计数字”，注意应该填入过去分词作后置定语。derived from意为“源自，取自”。
29、 particularly 此空前面的Many textbooks和后面的those in economics是同位语，因此该空应该填入一个不影响句子成分和意义的副词。particularly意为“尤其是”。
30. preview此空前面是动词不定式的标志词t0，后面是副词，因此应该填人一个动词原形。整句话的意思是“要养成习惯，先仔细阅读图表的题目、说明文字、标题以及与图表相关的资料”。preview意为“预览”。
31. set the stage此空前面是复数主语，后面是并列连词and以及一个动词原形，因此该空要填入谓语动词；这句话的意思是说“这些要素可以帮助你建立对图表初步的理解”。Set the stage意为“做准备，打基础”。
32. principal 此空前面是定冠词the，后面是复数名词questions，因此应该填人一个形容词作定语。principal意为“主要的”。
33. Communicating
此空前面的What key idea is the author是一个间接引语从句，该空需要填入从句的谓语动词，此句为现在进行时，因此需要填入V-ing形式。communicatin9意为“交流，传达”。
34. For instance
此空后面句子完整，因此需要填入副词或者介词短语作状语；注意句子首字母需要大写。For instance意为“例如”。
35. reveals此空的前面为名词词组，后面是that引导的从句，因此需要填人谓语动词；主语为单数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语应为第三人称单数形式。reveals意为“揭露”。
名词：A.advocates拥护者，提倡者：C.correlation相关，关联；E.facilities设施，设备；F.interaction相互作用，互动；I.particles 微粒，粒子
动词：D.exercise行使，运用；G.investigating调查，研究；H.overwhelmed压倒，击败，淹没；K.restricted限制，限定；L.simulating模拟，模仿，假装；N.tighten使变紧，加强控制
形容词：B.compact紧密的，紧凑的；J.permanent永久的；M.statistical统计上的，统计学上的：0.vulnerable 脆弱的，易受伤害的．
36．O.vulnerable。详解：该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，处于系动词is之后．介同to之前，且空格处所填单词被副词particularly所修饰，综合考虑，此处应填入形容词vulnerable，本句含义为“孩子们正在发育的大脑易受伤害”，be vulnerable to为固定搭配，表示“易受……的伤害”．故答案为O.vulnerable“脆弱的，易受伤害的”。备选项里的compact，permanent，statistical与上下文语义不符．故均排除。
37．J.permanent。详解：该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，处于系动词be之后，因此可填人形容词或名词作表语。本句含义为“所造成的危害可能是永久性的”。所以此处应填入形容词permanent一故答案为J.permanent“永久的”。在备选项中其他形容词均与上下文语义不符，故排除。
38．A.advocates。详解：该空格位于形容词environmental之后，且其后紧接的就是谓语动词have long urged…，由此判断此处应填入复数形式的名词，作句子的主语、，本句主语所发出的动作是“敦促政府部门做某事”．因此应填入advocates：故答案为A)advocates“拥护者，提倡者”．备选项中correlation及interaction均是单数形式，而facilities与particles与上下文语义不符，故均排除。
39．N.tighten。详解：该空格处于urge sb．to do sth．的结构中，应填人及物动词的原形，上文提到官方政策还在制定中，而健康及环保人士已经做出努力，下文提到“报告中提及ll种化学品的使用”，故此处应填人tighten，本句含义为“健康及环保政策的拥护者们敦促政府部门加强对报告中提及的ll种化学品的管制”。故答案为N.tighten“使变紧，加强控制”：备选项中exercise虽然满足语法形式要求，但其含义与上下文语义不符，故排除。
40．K.restricted。详解：该空格位于主语the Environmental Protection Agency之后，宾语the type and amount之前．本句中又含有明确的时间状语in 2001，故应填入动词的过去式．综合上下文考虑，本句含义应为“环保部门限制了铅使用的种类和数量”。故答案为K.restricted“限制，限定”、备选项中overwhelmed与上下文语义不符，故排除，而其他选项的词形均不符合要求。
41．E.facilities。详解：该空格位于复合形容词child-care之后，故空格处应填人名词，本句含义为“环保部门限制了存留在家居环境中的涂料、土壤及儿童保育器械上所使用铅的种类和数量”。故答案为E.facilities“设施，设备”。备选项中correlation，interaction，particles均与上下文语义不符，故排除。
42．G.investigating。详解：该空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，句中明确出现了时间状语now，故谓语动词应使用现在进行时，本句含义为“目前这个机构正在研究最新的报告中所提及的一些化学品的毒性”。故答案为G.investigating“调查，研究”。备选项中simulating也满足同形要求，但其与上下文语义不符，故排除。
43．M.statistical。详解：该空格位于形容词sold和名词evidence之间，名词evidence同时也是先行词，被which引导的定语从句修饰，空格处应填人形容词，与solid一起修饰名词evidence。根据常识可知，统计学数据对于政策制定关系很大，故此处应填人statistical。本句含义为“很难凭确凿的统计学证据证明这一现象是由于暴露在某些化学物质下引起的”。故答案为M.statistical“统计上的，统计学上的”。备选项中的形容词还剩下compact，但与上下文语义不符，故排除。
44．C.correlation。详解：该空格位于不定冠词a和形容词direct之后，应填入可数名词的单数形式．分析上下文可知，此处表达的意义为“暴露于有害的化学物质之下与患行为方面疾病风险之间存在直接相关性”。故答案为C.correlation“相关，关联”、备选项中名词还剩下interaction和particles，均不符合上下文语义，故排除。
45．D.exercise。详解：该空格位于“it is+adj+(for sb．)+to do sth．”的结构中。应填入动词原形，且该动词还能与caution进行搭配，从上下文语境可知，本句含义为“采取小心谨慎的措施总是明智的选择”， 故答案为D)exercise“行使，运用”。备选动词中动词原形只剩下exercise可选。
46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.
不仅仅是运动的物体和人具有动能，所有的系统也都具有动能。
由题干关键词moving objects和have momentum定位到原文画线处。
47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.
要改变当前的能源系统，就需要对专业人员和技术人员进行系统的培训。
由题干关键词trainin9和skilled labor定位到原文画线处。
48. Changing a fight bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.
更换灯泡要比更换灯具容易得多。
由题干关键词Changing a light bulb和fixture housing it定位到原文画线处。
49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.
加速现有能源转型的努力并没有预想的那样成功。
由题干关键词accelerate和energy transitions定位到原文画线处。
50.To change the light sourceiscostly because you have to change thewhole fixture.
改变光源的成本高昂，因为要替换整套灯具。
由题干关键词change the whole fixture定位到原文画线处。
51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.
能源系统如同一艘在运行的航空母舰一样，有着巨大的动能。
由题干关键词Energy systems和aircraft carrier定位到原文画线处。
52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.
如果照明有问题通常问题不是出在光源上，而是出在应用方法上。
由题干关键词light sources和applications定位到原文画线处。
53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace
能源转型最大的障碍在于替换当前的能源系统的成本太高。
由题干关键词biggest obstacle和energy system定位到原文画线处。
54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.
某项技术应用的影响范围要远远超过其本身。
由题干关键词technology和impact定位到原文画线处。
55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain thedynamicsofenergy systems.
运动物体的物理特征能帮助解释能源系统动力学。
由题干关键词characteristics和dynamics of energy systems定位到原文画线处。
Passage One
56. A.由题干中的人名Jesse Jackson定位到文章首段最后两句 :And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as " Italian Americans" and " Irish Americans," that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.
事实细节题。定位句指出杰克逊选中“非洲裔美国人”这个称谓，是因为它和“意大利裔美人”和“爱国尔兰裔美国人”这些已经摆脱种族歧视的群体的称谓相仿，寄托着摆脱种族歧视的希望，故答案为A)。
B.“它代表着社会进步”，在原文定位处并没有明确提示，可以排除；C.“它代表普通美国人的利益”，该称谓只涉及到美国的黑人群体，因此这种说法过于宽泛，可以排除；D.“它遵循了标准的命名规范”，原文中并没有提到有标准的命名规范，杰克逊所寄托的是摆脱种族歧视的希望，可以排除。
由题干关键词namin9定位到文章第二段首句：A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.
事实细节题。定位句指出，美国黑人称谓历经一个世纪的变化表明了一个事实，那就是给一
个群体命名是承载着政治意义的行为，故答案为D)。
A.“它随着时代进步”，这种说法过于笼统，也不是作者所要表达的主要意思，可以排除；B.“它是基于种族根源的”，原文中并没有提到，可以排除；C)“它值得深入研究”，尽管后文提到了关于种族称谓的系列研究，但都是用来说明群体称谓的社会政治意义的，故“值得深入研究”不是作者要表达的主要意思．可以排除。
58 A.
根据题干中的Erika Hall’s findings定位到文章第四段首句：The study’s most striking
findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.
推理判断题。定位句指出，艾丽卡·霍尔的研究结果揭示了种族偏见已经渗透到了职业领
域，permeatin9与widespread意义相近，故答案为A。
B.“很多求职者都不注意他们简历的细节”，文中只是提到涉及种族称谓的细节会引起招聘者的注意，并没有说求职者不注意细节，可以排除；C.“找工作的人加入团体要谨慎”，第四段中作者建议找工作的人提及与种族称谓相关的经历时要谨慎，但并没有说是否要谨慎加入团体，可以排除；D.“大多数的招聘者都不能控制其种族偏见”，文中没有提到种族偏见能否被控制的问题，只是说这种偏见可能会对招聘有影响，可以排除。
59．C
由题干中的 experiment 和 Williams定位到文章第六段 : The "African-American" group
that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black"
the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some"
Estimated group, on college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.
推理判断题。从定位段落可以看出，同一个人被冠以“非洲裔美国人”和“黑人”的不同称谓时，会引发人们对他的经济社会地位和教育背景的不同联想，可见人们对一个人的看法与其称谓大有关联。故答案为C。
A.“非洲裔美国人比其他很多种族群体生活得都好”，该句是对原文的曲解，原文只是对同一族群的两个不同称谓进行比较，不涉及其他族群，可以排除；B.“黑人在美国的社会经济地位仍很低”，原文没有比较黑人与其他族群的社会经济地位，可以排除；D.“一个人的职业地位和收入与其教育背景相关”，文中未明确提及，可以排除。
60．A
由题干中的Dr．Du Bois's ideal定位到文章最后一句：Perhaps a new phrase is needed，one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name--it's the Thing that counts. "。
定位句提到杜博斯的理想：“称谓不重要，事物本身才重要”。这个理想里面，Thin9很关键。
文章第二段提到，给任何一个群体命名都是一种承载着政治意义的活动。从全篇来看，对非洲裔美国人称谓的每次变化，都体现了对racial bias(种族歧视)的弱化。可是文章最后，作者提到，a new phrase is needed(需要一个新词汇)，这说明作者认为“African American”这个提法还不合适，还需要不断的改进。再结合杜博斯的话，“称谓不重要，事物本身才重要”。美国政府不断更换称谓就是为了消除种族歧视，而种族歧视的根源就是美国人没有真正地实现全民平等，所以由此得出，杜博斯的理想就是：所有美国人都享有平等的权利，故答案为A。
“对人的判断不应基于其称谓，而应是这个人本身”，杜博斯的话没有涉及到对人的判断，可以排除；C.“给非洲裔美国人创造一个新的称谓”，这个意见是作者提出的，而不是杜博斯，可以排除；D.“所有的种族都分享到国家的持续进步”，杜博斯的话主要关于如何判断一个人，没有涉及种族问题，可以排除。
Passage Two
61．B
由题干中的Arum and Roksa's finding定位到文章首段最后一句：In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.
推理判断题。定位句指出，阿鲁姆和罗克萨发现，大学生没有培养批判性思维、分析推理以及其他更高级的技能，而这些技能是在当今知识经济中取得成功，以及在这个充满复杂挑战和瞬息万变的时代领导我们国家发展所必备的，由此可见，美国高等教育没有让学生做好面对现代化挑战的准备,故答案为B。
A.“它旨在激发大学生的求知欲”，第一段第三句提到许多大学生的知识增长不足，但并未
提及美国高等教育的目标是激发大学生的求知欲，可以排除；C.“它在最近几年发生了翻天覆地的变化”，定位句只提到我们现在所处的时代瞬息万变，并不是指美国的高等教育发生了巨大的变化，可以排除；D.“它已经尽力满足了学生的各种需求”，原文并未提及美国的高等教育竭尽所能地满足学生的各种需求，可以排除。
62．A
由题干中的the students’lack of higher-level skills定位到文章第二段第一句：Anita and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards.
事实细节题。定位句指出，“阿鲁姆和罗克萨把学生的学术不足归咎于掺水的大学课程和较
低的大学生学习标准”，由此可见，学生缺乏更高级的技能是因为掺水的大学课程，故答案为A。
B.“无聊的课堂活动”、C.“没有严格的纪律”和D.“过时的教学方式”，原文均未提及，故排除。
63．D
根据题干中的Laura Hamilton和college administrations定位到文章第三段第一句：Laura
Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students.
推理判断题。定位句指出，劳拉·汉密尔顿认为大学的管理部门过于关注其学生的社会和体育活动，由此可知，大学的管理部门优先安排非学术活动，故答案为D。
A.“它们没有给贫困生提供足够的帮助”，原文并未提及给贫困生提供帮助，可以排除；
B.“它们往往提供过多难度不大的课程”，第三段第二句提到各种让学生参加聚会的俱乐部以及大量更简单的专业令许多大学生的毕业变得更容易，但并没有表明大学的管理部门倾向于提供过多简单的课程，可以排除；C.“它们似乎与社会脱节”，原文并未提及大学的管理部门是否与社会脱节，可以排除。
64．B
由题干中的the socially and financially privileged students定位到文章第三段第二句和第三句 : In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the "party pathway," which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.
推理判断题。定位句指出，“聚会之路”使许多学生的大学毕业变得更加容易，而各种让学生参加聚会的俱乐部以及大量更简单的专业也促成了这一点，通过批准这种精简版本的学院，大学“正在迎合有钱学生的社会和教育需求，却以牺牲其他学生为代价”，由此可知，享有社会和经济特权的学生为了享受人生而能够选择较简单的专业，故答案为B。
A.“对于同龄的同学，他们往往拥有一种优越感”，原文并未提及享有社会和经济特权的学生拥有优越感，可以排除；C.“他们花大量的时间建立强大的商业人脉关系”，第二段最后一句提到许多本科生的优先事项是课外活动、体育运动、聚会和社交，但既没有强调是享有社会和经济特权的学生，也没有强调是为了建立强大的商业人脉关系，可以排除；D)“即便没有学位，他们也能飞黄腾达”，第四段第一句和第二句指出大学生如果想把学位作为迈人中产阶级的跳板，就需要在大学期间学习技能和知识，而享有更多特权的学生也不能浪费这个机会，由此可知，享有社会和经济特权的学生也需要学位，故D.与原文意思不符，可以排除。
65．C
由题干中的the last paragraph定位到文章最后一段的最后一句：For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition,.the party, ma.v soon be over.
推理判断题。定位句指出，对于那些学习要求少，却提供更多诱惑并收取更高学费的大学而
言，聚会可能很快就会结束了，由此可知，美国高等教育的现状不会持续太久了，故答案为C。
A.“美国高等教育已失去其全球竞争力”，最后一段第四句只提到全球经济也不会宽容美国
劳动力日益薄弱的识字、数学和科学能力，但并没有表明美国高等教育已失去其全球竞争力，可以排除；B.“人们不应该对美国的高等教育期待太多”，原文没有提及，可以排除；D.“改变高等教育的现状需要很长的时间”，定位句提到美国高等教育的现状很快就会改变了，故D.与原文意思不符，可以排除。
Part IVTranslation
Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in the construction of high-speed trains, ocean ships, robots, and even aircrafts. Not long ago, China signed a contract to build a high-speed rail in Indonesia. China also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high-speed trains. These facts prove that people rely on Chinese-made products.
Products made in China are becoming more and more popular. China has paid a price for it, but it not only helps to eliminate poverty but also provides employment opportunities for people all over the world. This is a good thing to be praised. The next time you go to the store, you may want to take a look at the home of your purchase. Chances are that it is made in China.
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