2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.
B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.
C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.
D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.
2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.
B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.
3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.
B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.
C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.
D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.
4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.
B. The woman can use his glasses to read.
C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.
D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.
5.A. Redecorating her office.
B. Majoring in interior design.
C. Seeking professional advice.
D. Adding some office furniture.
6.A. Problems in port management.
B. Improvement of port facilities.
C. Delayed shipment of goods.
D. Shortage of container ships.
7.A. Their boss.
B. A colleague.
C. Their workload.
D. A coffee machine.
8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.
B. Postpone the event until a later date.
C. Hold the banquet at a different place.
D. Get an expert to correct the error.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A. He shares some of the household duties.
B. He often goes back home late for dinner.
C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.
D. He dines out from time to time with friends.
10.A. To take him to dinner.
B. To talk about a budget plan.
C. To discuss an urgent problem.
D. To pass on an important message.
11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.
B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.
C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.
D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.
B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.
C. They form a more realistic picture of life.
D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.
13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.
B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.
C. He is able to meet many interesting people.
D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.
14.A. It is stressful.
B. It is full of tim.
C. It is all glamour.
D. It is challenging
15. A. Bothered.
B. Amazed.
C. Puzzled.
D. Excited.
Section B
Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.
B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.
C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.
D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.
17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.
B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.
C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.
D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.
18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.
B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.
C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.
D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.
B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.
C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.
D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.
20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.
B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.
C. He sold a program developed by his friends.
D. He invested in a leading computer business.
21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.
B. They trusted his computer expertise.
C. They were very keen on new technology.
D. They believed in his business connections.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A. Prestige advertising.
B. Institutional advertising.
C. Word of mouth advertising.
D. Distributing free trial products.
23.A. To sell a particular product.
B. To build up their reputation.
C. To promote a specific service.
D. To attract high-end consumers.
24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.
B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.
C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.
D. By creating their own ads and commericais.
25. A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.
B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.
C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.
D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what you have written.
Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply 27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be ound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy
on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.
The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of35 Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read tho passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.
In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers'
preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.
What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of
which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.
A)assumed I) previous
B. bias J) relayed
C. desperate K) shifting
D. deterioration L) shrank
E) exception M) subtle
F) fault N) transmitting
G) incidentally O) worldwide
H) notably
Section B
Directions : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.
[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.
Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.
[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school.
[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).
[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.
[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tend toward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools.
"Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader. "
[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools in particular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance.
[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "
[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first—generat.ion students and those of their peers.
[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).
[J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers—not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.
[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an ann of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.
[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first—generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college—access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "
[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )
[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one of the most common programs for students).
[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.
46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.
47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.
48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.
49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.
50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.
51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.
52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.
53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.
54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.
55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial
Overseers. "There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade—offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about
equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and the other close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society
to take up the issue. "
56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?
A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.
B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.
C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.
57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?
A. Specific medicines to be used.
B. Effects of medical treatment.
C. Professional advancement.
D. Patients' trust.
58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?
A. The redefining of doctors' roles.
B. Overuse of less effective medicines.
C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.
D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.
59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?
A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.
B. They may be forced to divide their attention.
C. They may have to use less effective drugs.
D. They may lose the respect of patients.
60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?
A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.
B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.
C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.
D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladder have grown farther apart.
For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?
Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:
1. Per-capita (人均) income growth
2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)
3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.
61. How does Obama view economic inequality?
A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.
B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.
C. It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.
D. It is the most malicious social evil of our time.
62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis?
A. It is fast widening across most parts of America.
B. It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.
C. It is not correctly interpreted.
D. It is overwhelmingly ignored.
63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to
A. have placed religious beliefs above party politics
B. have bridged the gap between the rich and the poor
C. offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder
D. suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation
64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Cherty?
A. Family structure.
B. Racial equality.
C. School education.
D. Community density.
65. What does the author seem to suggest?
A. It is important to increase the size of the middle class.
B. It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.
C. It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.
D. It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.
Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shou write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定。即使孩子根本不感兴趣。
然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞、、然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第1套)
1．W：Wow。what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu!Could you recommend something special?
M：Well，I think you can try this mixed salad．We make the dressing with fresh berries．
Q：What does the man mean?
C.。未听先知:选项中restaurant出现了两次，A.“饭店每天都有特别供应”、B.“饭店以食品多样而闻名”和C.“拌沙拉的调料使这道菜十分诱人”都在描述饭店好的一面，故推测本题考查内容与饭店哪方面比较出色有关，而D.“女士应该将原料进行充分搅拌”与其他三个选项内容明显不属于一类，故基本可以提前排除。详解女士发现这家饭店的沙拉多种多样，请男士给她推荐点特别的，男士向她推荐了混拌沙拉，因为这道菜的调料是用浆果制作而成。由此可知，是特殊的调料使得这款沙拉与众不同。
2．W：1 was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well．
M：Yes．Business picked up much faster than we anticipated．We now have over 200 clients．
Q：What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
B.。未听先知：四个选项均以He开头，由A.“他从Mary那里接手公司”、B.“他正在经营很成功的生意”和D.“他正在建立一家新的咨询公司”可以猜测，对话内容与男士经营公司有关，C.“他没能预见到一些重大问题”属于男士失败的原因，而其他三个选项均为描述一般事实的陈述句，故基本可以提前排除C。
详解女士说她前几天碰到了Mary，从Mary那里听说男士的新咨询公司现在很成功，男士说他的生意发展得比他们预想得要好，现在已经有多于两百名客户了。由此可知，目前男士的生意相当成功。
3．M：Do you know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?
W：They should be in the cabinet if there are any．That’s where we keep all of Our office supplies．
Q：What does the woman mean?
C.。未听先知:选项中出现了supplies一词，A.“应该安排人员专门负责办公用品”、B.“男士可以把光盘放在公司的柜子里”、C.“男士应该能在柜子里找到办公用品”和D.“办公室的打印机没纸了”四个选项的语义相互交错，围绕着办公用品、光盘、纸张、柜子展开，听对话时应注意捕捉这几者之间的相互联系。
详解：对话中男士问女士是否知道光盘和打印纸放在哪儿了，女士说如果还有的话，应该都放在柜子里了，因为所有的办公用品都放在那里。由此可知，女士的意思是男士应该能在柜子里找到他所需要的办公用品。
4．W：The print in this dictionary is so small．I call’t read the explanation at all．
M：Let me get my magnifying glass．I know I just can't do without it．
Q：What does the man mean?
A。未读先知：由四个选项中的glass(es)和dictionary可以判断对话内容与阅读词典和眼镜有关，结合A“他必须用放大镜才能看清楚”和B.“女士可以用他的眼镜来阅读”两个选项的意思可以大致判断，对话中的两个人需要借助某种工具才能进行阅读，而C和D.两个选项可以说明他们看不清楚的可能是词典的内容。
详解：对话中女士对男士说词典里的字太小了，她根本就看不清楚那些释义，男士说他要去拿放大镜，没有放大镜，他也无法看清楚。由此可知，男士得用放大镜才能看清楚。
5．W：I'm considering having my office redecorated．The furniture is old and the paint is chipping
M：I’ll give you my sister in law’s number．She just graduated from an interior design academy and will give a free estimate．
Q：What is the woman considering?
A。未听先知：选项均为以v-ing形式开头构成的名词性短语，由A.“重新装修她的办公室”和D.“为办公室增加点家具”可以推断，对话内容与办公室的家具和装修有关；B.“主修室内装修专业”和C.“寻找专业建议”也与之相关，由A.中的her判定，听录音时需要特别关注与女士有关的信息。
详解：女士对男士说她正考虑重新装修办公室，家具旧了，墙上的漆也开始脱落了，男士说他可以把他弟妹的电话给女士，因为他弟妹毕业于室内装修学院，可以给女士免费进行评估。由此可知，女士正在考虑的事情是重新装修办公室。
6．W：We have afull load of goods that needs to be delivered．But we can't get a container ship anywhere．
M：That’s always been a problem in this port．The facilities here are never able to meet our needs．
Q：What are the speakers talking about?
D.。未听先知：四个选项均为名词性短语，由选项A.“港口管理问题”、B.“港口设施的改善”、C.“货运物品延期”和D.“集装箱船匮乏”可以看出，这些选项都提到了港口所面临的一些问题，因此听对话时对此类信息要特别关注。
详解：对话中女士对男士说她们有一大批货物需要运走，但怎么也找不到集装箱船只，男士表示在这个港口，此类问题一直存在，港口的设施根本满足不了人们的需求。由此可知，两人讨论的是港口缺乏集装箱船只的问题。
7．W：Why di血’t Rod get aPay raise?”
M：The boSS just isn’t convinced that his work attitude warranted it．She said she saw him by the coffeemachine more often than at his desk．
Q：What are the speakers talking about?
B.。未听先知：四个选项都很简短，为四个名词短语，且内容各不相同，通常出现此类选项时，考查内容一般围绕对话的主旨大意展开。
详解:对话中女士奇怪为什么Rod没有涨工资，男士说那是因为老板觉得他的工作态度有问题，老板说她看到Rob在咖啡机边的时间比在办公桌前办公的时间还要多。由此可知，对话中的两人正在讨论他们的同事Rod。
8．W：The hotel called，saying that because of a scheduling error，they won’t be able to cater for Our banquet
M：I know an In dian restaurant on the High Street that offers a special dinner for groups．The food is excellent and the room is large enough to accommodate US．
Q：What does the man suggest they do?
C.。未听先知：四个选项均为动词短语，可以推断本题考查的是某人的动作行为，结合选项A.“向酒店经理打电话求助”、B.“把事项日期延后”、C.“换个地方举办宴会”和D.“请专家来改正问题”可以推断，应该是某件事情出了差错或是变故，因此本题考查的内容与人们采取的应对措施有关。
详解：对话中女士对男士说酒店打来电话，说由于日程安排出了问题，他们不能承接宴会了，男士马上说他知道在High Street有一家印度餐馆，可以为团体客户提供特殊待遇，那里的食物很棒，房间也足够大。由此可知，男士的言外之意是说他们可以把宴会的地点改在他所推荐的印度餐馆。
M: Hello, Jane.
W: Hello, Paul.
M: Please come in. (9) I'm just gettingready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I want to be on time for a change.
W: (10) Look, I'm terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.
M: That's OK. What's the problem?
W. Well, Paul, I won't keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. ( 11 ) You see there has been a sharp increase in Indian's balance of payment deficit.
M: I see. That's serious, isn't it'?
W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.
M: And that's going to affect us, as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.
W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contracts.
hi: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactly?
W: Well, it means that Jo Motors enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.
M: I see. And how will that benefit us?
W: Well, Jio Motors won't lose out if the Indian Rupee falls further.
M: What will it cost, Jane?
W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.
M: Well, I don't suppose there is much choice. All right, Jane, let's put it into action.
未听先知：预览三道题各选项，可以发现，每个题目的侧重点完全不同，第9题考查男士的日常行为，第l0题为不定式短语，应该是考查将要发生的行为动作或是某种目的，第11题出现了Foreign investors，enterprises等词，可推测与商务行为有关，但由第l0题中的urgent problem和important message还是能够推测，对话的主题 应该涉及某种比较严蘑的问题。
9．What do we learn about the man’s daily life?
B.。详解：四个选项均以He开头，且均使用了一般现在时，可以推测本题考查内容与男士的日常生活有关。由各选项A.“他分担一些家务职责”、B.“他经常回家很晚，赶不上吃晚饭”、C.“他偶尔会为家人做饭”和D.“他有时会与朋友外出就餐”可以看出，本题的重点是男士通常是怎样解决晚餐的。其中，A.与其他三个选项的内容有较大差异，可以提前排除。对话中男士与女士见面时，男士告诉女士他正要回家，Susan正在家里等他回去吃晚餐，他不能总像平日里那样老是赶不上吃晚餐。for a change表达的意思是“改变一下”，既然男士今天要按时回家与家人一起共进晚餐，也就可以推测出他大多数时候是不按时回家吃晚餐的。
10．Why did the woman come to see the man?
D.。详解：四个选项均为动词不定式结构，此类选项通常表示本题考查的内容为即将发生的行为动作或某种动作的目的，A.“带他去吃晚餐”与B.“谈论一项预算计划”、C.“讨论一个紧急问题”以及D.“告知一个重要信息”这三个选项的内容明显不属于一类，可以预先排除。对话中女士说她很抱歉在周五的这个时间来找男士，但她的事情非常重要，而没有提到“问题”，因此排除C.，显然女士来找男士的目的就是要告诉男士一件重要的事情。
1 1．What makes the woman worry about the Indian Rupee?
D.。详解：四个选项都与商业行为相关，而且两次提到了India，可以判断对话内容涉及印度的商业或经济，选项均为对印度经济进行负面描述的句子，但内容各不相同，无法进行排除或断定本题所考查的重点，听对话时就需要对所有涉及到印度经济的内容多加留意。对话中女士明确告诉男士印度的收支平衡赤字急剧升高。
W: Charles, among other things, you are regarded as one of the America's great masters of the Blues, a musical idiom that's essentially about loss, particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?
M: ( 12 ) People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn't turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking "maybe I can change him or her". That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to
be pretty much what they are. It's a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.
W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the road?
M: (13) Music. I don't especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you've got the ultimate in life.
W: What's the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musician?
M: (14) People think it's all glamour. Actually we have the same trouble as they do. Playing music doesn't mean life treats you any better.
W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?
M: You'd think I'd be used to it by now. (15) But I still find it fascinating. You go to a little town in Japan,where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on site and know all of your music. I'm still amazed be the love people express for me and by music.
未听先知：预览四道题各选项，第l4、l5题的选项均以形容词为主，无法通过这些形容词判断出对话主题，但由第l2题中的the other half，relationship，picture of life等词可以判断，对话涉及到了恋爱关系以及人们对爱情的理解，而通过第l3题的各选项也可以确定对话与某位男士的精彩生活有关。
12．What does the mail say about most people when they get into love affairs?
A.。详解：四个选项均以They开头，根据选项A.“他们对自己的另一半有着不切实际的期待”、B.“他们或许没有准备好形成一种相伴一生的关系”、C.“他们对生活有了更为现实的认识”和D.“他们想要适应自己角色的转变”可以判断，选项中的they指的就是普通大众，本题考查的是人们对爱情或者婚姻、家庭的看法。对话中女士问男士为什么爱情不能永葆活力，男士说人们陷入恋爱关系时，往往都对对方抱有一种不切实际的期待，如果对方与自己想象得不一样，则希望对方能够为自己而改变．坦实际上，人们很难真正改变。
13．What does the mail say about himself as a singer OH the road most of his life?
D.。详解：四个选项均以He开头，A.“他很幸运，能够去很多新奇的地方”、B.“他能够忘记生活中的烦恼”、C.“他能够认识很多有趣的人”和D.“他很幸运，能够做自己喜欢的事情”，四个选项都是在描述男士的美好生活，可以判断对话中一定讲述了男士幸福的一面，听对话时对此类信息要特别注意。对话中女士问男士，他已经62岁了，还经常到处走动，是什么吸引他一直上路，男士毫不犹豫地说是音乐促使他前行，能够做自己真正热爱的事情的人是幸运的，他们能够触碰到生活的极致。由此可见，男士所做的正是他自己喜欢的事情。
14．What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?
C.。详解：四个选项均为简单的主系表结构，四个形容词是关键，选项所给信息过少，无法判断本题考查内容，但听录音时，对与这些形容词有关联的内容都要注意捕捉。对话中女士问男士人们最容易对知名音乐家所产生的错误概念是什么，男士明确地说，人们认为知名音乐家的生活只有光辉，这是不对的。生活对于他们并不比对待普通人更加仁慈。
15．How does the mall feel whenever he is recognized by his fans?
B.。详解：四个选项均为单个形容词，有正面的，也有负面的，选项所给信息过少，无法判断本题考查内容，但听录音时，对与这些形容词有关联的内容都要注意捕捉。对话中女士问男士走到哪儿都会被人认出来的感觉如何，男士说，按说他应该已经习惯了这种感觉，但事实是，他依然感觉十分惊异。他举了一个例子，他曾经去过一个日本小镇，那里的人根本不会说英语，但却一下子就认出他了，还知道他的音乐。fascinating和amazed的意思相似，都表示“惊异，惊喜”。
Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. (16) Although a team may be composed of knowledg
they must learn new ways of relating and workin together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. (17) Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society that it supposedly serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group's performance.Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, tmique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and other's cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity,persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. (18) If a team manager xemplifies such qualities, then the team, as a whole, would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.
未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由第16题中的organizational culture，第l7题和l8题中多次出现的team一词，以及qualifications，team manager，cultures等词可以推测，短文可能与企业或商业环境中的团队合作、团队建设有关。
16．What should team members do to fully realize their potential?’
B.。详解：四个选项均为以动词原形开头的句子结构，可以判断本题考查的是行为动作。A.“保持传统的组织文化”、B.“学习新的关联方式，共同协作”、C.“紧跟技术的快速发展”和D.“学会尊重企业等级制度”均为现代企业中员工所应该做的事情，听录音时注意判断文章当中提到的是哪一点。短文中说，虽然团队当中可能有些人的确非常博学，但他们也应该学会与团队中的其他人员共同协作，形成良好的合作关系，一起解决问题。
17．What needs to be considered for effective team management?
A.。详解：四个选项均为疑问词开头的陈述句语序的句子，因此可以判断问题中一定包含某种结构，这些选项均可以充当该词或该表达的宾语。结合选项A.“团队该怎样与它的服务对象相融合”、B.“该怎样建设团队才能改善团队表现”、C.”团队中应该纳入什么样的员工”和D.“团队中的成员应该具有怎样的素质”可以推测，本题考查应该怎样进行团队建设。短文中提到，问题不仅在于应该怎样让团队更高效地工作，还应该让团队与他所服务的公司或社会融合在一起。
18．What conclusion Can we draw from what Casey says?
D.。详解：四个选项的意思分别为A.“团队经理必须设立清晰且较高的目标”、B.“团队必须包含有不同文化背景的队员”、C.“团队成员应该知识丰富，并富有创造性”和D.“团队经理应该具备某些特定的技能”，其中有两项都提到了团队经理，可以初步判断本题考查的内容极有可能与团队经理所应该具备的素质或是其所应该承担的责任有关。短文中提到按照Casey的看法，如果团队经理能够展示出他所提到的各种素质，整个团队就能够更好地发挥潜力，实现目标。也就是说，团队经理应该具备某些特定的素质。
In early 1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. (19) As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the world wide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed a program which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university's network at the beginning of 1993.
And by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. (20) Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley's most famous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet
which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Pmdreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. ( 21 ) Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteen million from venture capitalists who were always keen to listen to Clark's new ideas.
未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由第20题中的He可以推断，文章与某位男士的个人经历有关，该题选项中出现了computer scientists，computer business等词，再结合第19题中的program，第21题中的technology，computer expertise可以推测，文章可能围绕计算机行业中的某位男士展开。
19．Wath do we learn about Mosaic?
D.。详解：四个选项均以It开头，意思分别为A.“它是Illinois大学提供的分享教学观点的平台”
B.“它主要用于科学家和技术人员之间的文字信息传递”、C.“它刚开始时是一个很成功的软件，但没能持续很久”和D.“这一程序允许人们通过网络共享信息”，由此可以判断，It一定是某种技术形式，更有可能是某种软件或平台，本题考查内容与It的功能有关。短文一开始就提到，Mark和他的朋友开发了Mosaic，它可以允许人们通过网络在全世界范围内共享信息。
20．What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?
B.。详解：选项均以He开头，A.“他拜访了一批著名的计算机科学家”、B.“他与一位名为Jim Clark的企业家碰了面”、C.“他卖掉了朋友们开发的软件”和D.“他投资了一项领先的计算机生意”都是对He行为动作的描述，听录音时应注意捕捉与He的行为动作相关的信息。短文中说Andreessen一到硅谷，首先就与硅谷的著名企业家Jim Clark进行了会面。
21．Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?
A.。详解：四个选项均以They开头，A.“他们对他的新想法充满信心”、B.“他们相信他的计算机专业知识”、C.“他们对新科技十分狂热”、D.“他们相信他的业务关系”都是在表述“他们”对于“他”的看法．听录音时首先要确定的是They和he分别指代的是什么人，才能正确判断他们之间的关联。短文最后一部分说，Clark不仅自己投了资，还为Andreessen找了风险投资家，他们之所以愿意为Andreessen投资，主要是因为他们热衷于Clark的新想法。
Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and sewices and attempts to persuade them to buy them. (22) The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. ( 23 ) Indeed Many rganizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. (24) Althou anies could easily set up their own advertisingdepartments, write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of advertising_agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers.
The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.(25) Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pretested in newspapers, television stations, etc., in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior to a national camoalgn.
未听先知：预览四道题各选项，第22题中反复出现了advertising一词，第24题选项中也出现了advertising，ads，commercials等词，可以猜测文章内容与广告行业有关。
22．What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?
C.。详解：选项均为名词短语，A.、B.、C.三个选项描述的都是广告类型，D.虽然没有出现advertising一词，但“分发免费试用品”也是广告推销的一种形式，可以判定本题考查内容与广告形式有关。短文开头处提到，最好的广告形式就是臼口相传，也就是人们会把自己认为不错的产品或服务推荐给朋友。
23．What does the speaker say is purpose of many organizations’using prestige advertising?
B.。详解：选项均为不定式短语，通常不定式短语所表达的是目的、打算或是即将发生的行为动作，由各选项意思：A.“销售特定商品”、B.“树立声誉”、C.“推广特定服务”和D.“吸引高端客户”可以推测，本题考查内容与广告的目的有关。短文中提到很多机构通过广告公司进行宣传，并不一定是想要销售产品，更多的是想树立企业或公司的良好声誉。
24．How do large companies generally handle their advertising?
A.。详解：四个选项均为以By开头的介词短语，介词by通常表示某种方式或手段，由各选项的意思：
A.“使用大型广告公司的服务”、B.“雇用自己的专业广告人员”、C.“在行业领先的报纸上购买广告空间”和D.“制作自己的广告”可知，本题考查的是通过何种手段进行广告活动。短文中提到，虽然对于大公司来说，建立自己的广告部门、自己撰写广告方案、购买媒体空间都不是多么困难的事情，但他们还是倾向于借助大型广告公司所提供的服务来做广告。
25．What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?
D.。详解：四个选项均为动词原形开头的句子结构，可以判定本题考查的是行为动作，由B.选项中的survey和D.选项中的Pre．test，ads可以推测，本题考查内容与真正投放广告前的行为有关。短文最后提到，广告公司在向全国投放广告之前，通常会先小范围地在报纸、电视等渠道上进行测试，也就是说，他们会在特定的地区进行广告试验。
26．eternal。详解：空格位于不定冠词an和名词concept之间，应该填入以元音发音开头的形容词作定语，修饰名词concept。第一句提到物种灭绝是一个不容易理解的概念，而在下文提到，它与杀死那些可以再重生的单个生命形式不同，也就是说，它是一个永远无法逆转的概念。eternal意为“永远的，永恒的”。
27．diminishing。详解：空格所在句和后面两句构成了排比句式，说明了extinction这一概念的独特性。空格所在句为倒装句，充当句子的表语，由于空格后有名词，因此，填入的词需要和名词numbers一起构成名词性短语。由句意可知，灭绝不仅仅是数字的减少。diminish意为“减少，减小”。
28．absolute。详解：空格位于连词and之前，需要填入一个形容词，与final形成并列关系，一起来修饰名词act。物种的灭绝是永远的消失，绝对不会再出现。absolute意为“绝对的”。
29．succeed。详解：空格位于状语从句中的谓语部分，由于前面的主语为复数，主句时态为一般将来时，因此，空格内填人动词的一般现在时。由空格后的in coming centuries可知，此处要表达的意思是：不管在我们之后还有多少代人会继续生存，都不会再看到那些已经灭绝的物种了。succeed意为“接替，继承”。
30．on a vast scale。详解：空格所在句不缺少句子主要成分，因此，应填入副词或副词短语，充当句子的状语。上一段提到了灭绝，本段提到了人类对自然资源的浪费和破坏，这些都是大范围的行为。on a vast scale意为“大面积的，大范围的”。
31．As regards。详解：空格与其后的名词短语basic natural resources不是句子主干的一部分，因此需要填人介词，构成介词短语。上一句说到了人类对天空、大地和空气的污染，本句则提到了自然资源。As regards意为“至于，关于”。注意空格位于句首，As首字母需要大写。
32．used up。详解：空格位于句子的谓语部分，与are…being连在一起构成现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被……”，因此应该填入动词或动词词组。由but we are also rtfinin9可知，此处要表达的意思是：我们正在以疯狂的速度和手段将自然界中不可再生的资源消耗殆尽。used up意为“用光，消耗光”。注意使用动词的过去分词形式。
33．disposing。详解：空格前有两个动名词processing，consuming，由and确认这三个词应该是并列关系，因此也填入动词的一ing形式。这里要表达的意思是：人类正在处理、消耗、丢弃珍贵的资源。disposing意为“处理，扔掉”。
34．modification。详解：空格位于形容词cultural之后，应该填入名词，与cultural形成名词短语后，再通过OI?与historical change形成并列关系。与change“变化”相对应的词为modification。modification意为“修改，改变”。
35．magnitude。详解：空格位于介词0f之后，应该填入名词，充当介词的宾语。空格所在句要表达的意思是：人类正在经历的变革十分重大，不仅是简单的历史变迁或是文化变更，而是地理、生物以及心理等各种秩序的重大变革。magnitude意为“重要性。重要程度”。
名词：B.bias偏见，倾向；D.deterioration变质，退化，恶化；E)excephon例外；F)fault过错，过失动词：A.assumed承担(权力，责任)；J)relayed接替，转播，转告；K)shiftin9改变，略微移动；L)shrank收缩，缩减；N)txansmitting传导，传播
形容词：C.desperate绝望的，孤注一掷的；I)previous先前的；M)subtle微妙的，不易察觉的副词：G)incidentally顺便地，附带；H)notably显著地，尤其；0)worldwide在全世界
36．E.exception。详解：该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且位于系动词Was和形容词n0之后，此处可以理解为形容词作定语修饰名词，因此应填入名词exception作整个句子的表语，结合上下文综合分析，本句含义为：手机生产商诺基亚公司也并不例外。故答案为E)exception“例外”。备选项中bias，deterioration，fault与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
37．O.worldwide。详解：该空格位于主谓结构的句子中，并处于句子的末端，本句主要成分齐全，因此应填人副词worldwide作地点状语，起修饰作用。本句含义为“2007年时，诺基亚公司占全世界手机销量的40％以上”。故答案为O)worldwide“在全世界”。备选项中incidentally及notably与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
38．K.shifting。详解:该空格位于句子的谓语动词位置，系动词were之后，介词toward之前，因此可填人现在分词，构成过去进行时，描述过去某一时间正在发生的动作或行为，本句含义为“但此时客户的偏好正在向触屏智能手机转变”。故答案为K)shifting“改变，略微移动”。备选项中transmitting与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
39．L.shrank。详解：该空格位于句子主语之后的谓语动词位置，根据上下文判断此处应为一般过去时，因此应填入动词过去式，本句的含义为“诺基亚市场份额缩小，收入骤降”。故答案为L)shrank“收缩，缩减”。备选项中assumed及relayed虽然满足语法要求，但其与上下文语义不符，故排除：
40．A.assumed。详解:该空格位于以which引导的定语从句中，且处于定语从句的谓语动词位置，又因出现了明确的时间状语in October 2010，因此应填入动词过去式，本句的含义为“他于2010年l0月开始担任诺基亚公司首席执行官一职”。故答案为A.assumed“承担(权力，责任)”。备选项中relayed与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
41．F.fault。详解:该空格位于介词at之后，应填入名词，构成介宾短语，at fault为固定搭配，含义为“有责任，有过错”，本句含义为“但出问题的并不仅仅是埃洛普一人”。故答案为F)fault“过错，过失”：备选项中bias及deterioration与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
42．H.notably。详解:该空格位于主系表结构的句子中，且该句主要成分齐全，空格位于Most之后，应填入副词，构成最高级形式，本句含义为“最显著的就是Jorma Ollila”。故答案为H)notably“显著地，尤其”。备选项中incidentally与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
43．I.previous。详解:该空格位于名词所有格the company’S之后，名词success之前，可填人形容词进一步修饰名词success，本句含义为“但他过于迷恋公司以前所取得的成就”，故答案为I)previous“先前的”。备选项中desperate及subtle与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
44．C.desperate。详解:该空格位于不定冠词a之后，名词短语cost．cutting program之前，应填入形容词进一步修饰名词短语的中心词program。本句含义为“公司还开始了一场孤注一掷的降低成本运动”。故答案为C.desperate“绝望的，不顾一切的，孤注一掷的”。备选项中subtle与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
45．D.deteriorationo 详解:该空格位于定冠词the之后，介词of之前，应填人名词。本句含义为“这有损于公司原本生机勃勃的企业文化”。“故答案为D.deterioration“变质，退化，恶化”。备选项中bias与上下文语义不符，故应排除。
详解详析
46. Many first-generation college goers have doubts about their abilities togetacollege degree.
译文；很多第一代大学生怀疑自己是否有能力拿到大学文凭。
定位；由题干关键词havedoubts about their abilities定位到原文画线处。
47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.
译文：第一代大学生的经济负担往往比同龄人更重。
定位：由题干关键词heavier financial burdens定位到原文画线处。
48. The graduation rate of first-generation studentsatNijay'suniversitywas incredibly low.
译文：尼杰所就读大学的第一代大学生毕业率低得令人难以置信。
定位：由题干关键词graduation rate，Nijay’s和low定位到原文画线处。
49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation studentswithmoresupport than they actually need.
译文：像耶鲁这样的顶尖大学似乎给其第一代大学生提供了超过他们实际需求的帮助。
定位：由题干关键词Yale和more support定位到原文画线处。
50. On entering college, Nijay Wiflliams hadnoideahowchallenging college education was.
译文：尼杰·威廉姆斯刚进入大学时，并不知道大学教育会有多大的挑战。
定位：由题干关键词enteringcollege和Nijay Williams定位到原文画线处。
51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first generation students.
译文；很多大学直接拒绝公布第一代大学生毕业率的准确数据。
定位：由题干关键词graduation rates及first—generation students定位到原文画线处。
52. According to a marketing executive,many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.
译文：根据某位市场部高管所说，很多来自低收人家庭的学生并不知道自己能有机会上一所名校。
定位：由题干关键词marketing executive，students from low—income families和all eliteuniversity定位到原文画线处。
53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students' self- confidence.
译文：一些精英大学很看重培养第一代大学生的自信心。
定位：由题干关键词Some elite universities和confidence定位到原文画线处。
54. I'm First distributes information to helpfirst-generationcollege-goersfind
schools that are most suitable for them.
译文：我是第一代”传播信息以帮助第一代大学生找到最适合他们的学校。
定位：由题于关键词I'm First，distributes information和couege—goers定位到原文画线处。
55. Eliteuniversitiestendtograduate first-generationstudents at a higher rate.
译文：很多精英大学第一代大学生的毕业率往往很高。
定位：由题干关键词Eliteuniversities和at a higher rate定位到原文画线处。
56．C.。定位：由题干关键词influential medical groups定位到文章首段的后半部分．．．．that doctors weigh the costs，not just the effectiveness of treatments，as they make decisions about patient care．
详解：事实细节题。定位句指出医疗集团建议医生在决定病人的治疗方案时，不仅要考虑疗效，还要考虑医疗成本费用，故答案为C.
点睛：A“反思他们所应承担的责任”，在原文并没有明确提示，可以排除；B“对其治疗效果更加注意”，这与原文要表达的意思正好相反，可以排除；D“从削减医保的角度重新调整其操作”，原文虽然提到医生要考虑医疗费用，但并没有明确提出让医生们直接考虑削减医保，可以排除。
57．B。定位：由题干关键词doctors，concerned和in the past定位到文章第二段后半部分．Ifrom beingconcerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent．
详解：推理判断题。从定位句及其所在段落可以看出，作者提到一个关于医生角色的关键性的变化，即从单纯考虑病人个体转为对医疗费用的使用施加影响，可见，医生过去只考虑治疗效果，故答案为B。
点睛： A“具体使用哪种药品”，过于片面，可以排除；C“行业的进步”，原文中没有提及，可以排除；D“患者的信任”，尽管后文提到了医生如果一味考虑医疗成本，极可能会失去患者的信任，但从整体看，医生过去首要关注的还是疗效，患者的信任也是基于疗效，可以排除。
58．A。定位：根据题于关键词new guidelines和lead to定位到文章第三段首句．．．．the new guidelinesbeing developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or evendeciding that a particular treatment--at the end of life．for example--is too expensive．
详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，医生会基于价格考虑，从而决定药品的使用和医疗方案，这与上一段首句提到的redefine their roles相呼应，医生从仅仅只考虑疗效到在决定中引入费用因素，其角色确实发生了转变，故答案为A。
点睛： B.“过度使用疗效较差的药品”，文中只是提到医生会在使用药品的决策上考虑费用，并没有说会更多使用疗效较差的药品，可以排除；C.“医患之间的矛盾”，第六段虽然提到医生考虑经济因素可能引发患者的不信任，但还没有上升到医患矛盾，故不是新政策的主要后果，可以排除；D.“延长患者的痛苦”，文中没有提到新的医疗指导方针会产生这样的后果，可以排除。
59．D。定位：由题于关键词risk和providers，financial overseers定位到文章第五段：Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial overseers．和第六段第二句：He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients…
详解：事实细节题。第五段首先提到医生作为医疗服务提供者和医疗成本监察员，本就存在着潜在矛盾，而在随后的第六段第二句中又明确指出，这样会使医生失去病人的信任，故答案为D。
点睛： A“他们可能陷入利益矛盾中”，该句说法过于笼统，可以排除；B.“他们可能被迫分散精力”，文章并没有明确提出医生身兼两种角色时可能会分散精力，可以排除；C.“他们可能不得不使用效力较差的药品”，本题考查的是医生身兼两种角色的风险，对于不同药物药力的比较，虽然原文有所提及，但这并不是医生们面临的风险，可以排除。
60．C。定位：由题干关键词experts和medical cost analysis定位到文章最后一段：Still，some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing So．“In some ways．”said Dr．Daniel Sulmasy．it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue．’’
详解：推理判断题。最后一段首句指出，尽管医生兼任医药成本监察员的职责并不合适，但又不得不为之，因为很少有其他群体能做到，而作者更进一步引用丹尼尔·赛尔马西医生的话指出，整个社会没能成功处理这一问题，故答案为C。
点睛：A“它可能增加医生本已沉重的负担”，医学专家并没有就医生的负担轻重进行讨论，可以排除；B“它可以帮助整个社会节省经费”，专家们并没有提到这一点，可以排除；D.“它提升了医生的社会责任意识”，这种说法完全偏离了本文的中心思想，可以排除。
61．A。定位：由题干关键词0bama和economic inequality定位到文章第一段第二句：Inequality isdangerous，he argued，not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the richand the poor，but because inequality itseff destroys upward mobility，malting it harder for the poor toescape from poverty．
详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，奥巴马把不公平称为“我们这个时代决定性的挑战”，并指出不公平之所以危险是因为它破坏了社会阶层的提升，令贫困者难以摆脱贫困，故答案为A。
点睛：B“它是社会稳定的最大威胁”，本文主要探讨的是社会阶层的提升，而不是社会稳定性，可以排除；C“它是收入增长的头号敌人”，这是对原文的曲解，社会不公平影响的主要是穷人社会经济地位的上升，文章并没有提到不公平和收入增长的关系，可以排除；D“它是我们这个时代最恶毒的社会罪行”，原文并没有从道德角度进行阐述，可以排除。
62．B.。定位：由题干关键词the inequality gap和Scott Winship’s data analysis定位到文章第三段最后一句：Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility，as sociologist Scott W111ship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data．
详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，不公平本身并不是社会流动性的强预警信号，也就是说不公平不是社会流动性的可靠指标，后文还论证并列举了与社会活动性相关度较高的若干因素，故答案为B。
点睛： A“它在美国大部分地区迅速蔓延”，文章只是提到美国社会有贫富差距，但并没有对发展趋势进行任何说明，可以排除；C“它没有得到正确诠释”，该项的说法太过笼统，可以排除；D“它完全被忽视了”，文章开头就高调地论述奥巴马对经济不公平现象的观点，可见，这个问题并没有被忽视，可以排除。
63．C定位：根据题干中的地名Atlanta和Salt Lake City定位到文章第五段最后一句：Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City，with high levels of two—parent families and religiosity，are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta，with high levels of racial and economic segregation．
详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，像盐湖城这样兼具双亲的虔诚宗教家庭比例较高的社区，比亚特兰大那种种族和经济隔离程度高的社区更能为贫困孩子提供上升机会，可见，它能为贫困孩子提供更多攀登社会阶梯的机会，故答案为C。
点睛： A.“将宗教信仰置于政党政策之上”，文章只提到宗教问题，并没有说到政党政策，可以排除；
B.“已经缩小了贫富之间的差距”，比较两个城市时，作者只谈到了社会流动性，并没有提到其内部的贫富差距，可以排除；D.“为严重的种族和经济隔离所困”，这种说法与原文相反，种族和经济隔离程度高 的是亚特兰大，而不是盐湖城，可以排除。
64．A.。定位：由题干关键词strongly correlated和Rai Chetty定位到文章第五段首句：Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation，community density，the size of a community’s middle class，the quality of schools，community religiosity，and family structure，which he calls the“single strongest correlate of upward mobility．”
详解：事实细节题。根据定位句可知，在查蒂提到的若干影响社会活动性的因素中，家庭结构是“社会阶层提升的唯一强相关因素”，故答案为A。
点睛：B.“种族平等”，该项没有被列入查蒂所说的若干因素中，可以排除；C“学校教育”，查蒂虽然提到这个因素，但它不属于强相关因素，可以排除；D“社区密度”，与选项C一样，虽然提及，但不属于强相关因素，可以排除。
65．D.。定位：根据题文同序原则，定位至文章最后一段：In other words，communities with high levels of per-capita income growth，high percentages of two-parent families，and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger’s rags to riches story．
详解：推理判断题。从定位段中可看出，作者提到如何帮助穷苦孩子提高社会经济地位时，一直都是从社区层面进行分析的，前文也多次有类似的提示，故答案为D。
点睛：A“加大中产阶层的规模非常重要”，这虽然是作者提到的重要影响因素之一，但不足以集中概括作者的观点，可以排除；B“扩大城市规模十分重要”，影响社会流动性的因素中未涉及城市规模，可以排除；C“我们应该努力消除收入不均”，作者在第三段就提出，贫富差距并不像很多公众人物指出的那样，对社会流动性有关键性的影响力，可见，文章并没有集中讨论收入不均的问题，可以排除。
In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important decisions for them. They never care what the children really want because they believe that it is good for the children. As a result, children's growth and education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents.
If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decision, even if their children are not interested in it.
In the United States, however, parents are likely to respect their children's opinions, and to pay more attention to their opinions in making decisions.
It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education. However, they should learn how to balance the relationsop between parents and the children from American parents when it comes to education.
1．第一段第一句比较长，一种翻泽方法是将其断为两个句子翻译，以避免句子繁琐。第一个分句的翻译难点在于“竭力”，比较简单的翻译方法是如同参考译文那样，译为try every means to do sth．；另外，还可以使用较难的表达：endeavour to do sth．。第二个分句相对简单，翻译为一个原因状语从句即可。
2．第二句的翻译难点在于“屈从于”的翻译，英语中较为常见的翻译是yield t0和surrender to。另外就是“往往”的翻译，参考译文中的tend to表达一种趋势，比较常见的more often than not也是一种不错的表达。
3．第二段为独句段，句子看起来复杂，仔细分析句子结构可知，这句话其实包含了一个条件状语从句，一个目的状语从句和一个让步状语从句，主句是“他们会坚持自己的决定”。其次是几个短语的翻译，“报名参加”用register或sign up for均可；“增加做某事的机会”常译为increase the chance of doing sth．；“坚持自己的决定”用hold firmly表达比较形象，也可译为stick to。
4．第三段中，“尊重孩子的意见”和“在决策时更注重他们的意见”是并列顺承关系，用and连接。“更注重”可按照参考译文那样译为pay more attention to，也可以译为attach more importance to。
5．第四段第一句有两种翻译方法，第一种是使用It+be+adj．+for sb．to do sth．结构，it作形式主语，to do sth．充当真正的主语。第二种翻译方法是使用动名词的复合结构作主语，即Chinese parents’attaching great importance to education may be praiseworthy。
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