英语四级考试正在激烈备考中，为了让同学们更好的了解英语四级考试，社科赛斯考研网小编为同学们整理了2018年12月英语四级考试真题答案解析。
【2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案】
26. F damage (损害)
27. B associated (与……有联系)
28. M sources (来源)
29. D constant (不断的， 常存在的)
30. G described (描述)
31. E control (控制)
32. H equals (等同于)
33. K regularly (经常地)
34. I exclusively (仅仅，唯一地)
35. O vehicles (车辆)
【四级选词填空答案解析】
26. F damage
空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大的... ...发生在发展中国家。根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关联的词汇，另外在语法上这里应该填入一个名词被devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以确定答案为damage， “损害”n.
27. B associated
空格所在句子的含义为：这个福利数字包含许多与空气污染... ...的福利费用，比如健康与消费。根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs 的后置定语，另外从语义上判断，associated with air pollution做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上也符合上下文语境。
28. M sources
空格所在的句子的含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的... ...。从语法上判断这里应该填入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外从语义上判断sources like home heating and cooking 表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。
29. D constant
空格所在句子的句子，是28空所在句子的下半句，含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的来源，在过去的几十年间... ...，尽管室内污染这个区域取得了一些进步。从语法上判断，这里应该填入一个形容词，另外从语义上判断，constant“不断的，常存在的”，符合上下文语境。
30. G described
空格所在句子的含义为：Chris Murray 参与了这次报告，她把这次报告...为对行动的紧急呼吁。从语法上，这里应该填入一个谓语动词，另外从语义上看，describe表示描述，符合上下文语境。
31. E control
空格所在句子的含义为：在所有造成过早死的不同危险因素当中，我们所呼吸的空气是一个领域，对于这一点个人无法... ...。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，从语义上看，control表示控制，符合上下文语境。
32. H equals
空格所词组的含义为：收入几乎... ... GDP的1%。 从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个动词，从语义上看equal表示等同于，符合上下文语境。
33. K regularly
空格所在句子的含义为：低中收入国家当约十分之九的人住在有空气污染的地区，在这些地区他们 ... ... 经受达到危险水平的室外空气污染。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，来修饰动词experience，“经受”，从语义上看regularly experience，表示经常经受，符合上下文语境。
34. I exclusively
空格所在句子的含义为：但是这个问题不... ...局限于发展中国家。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，修饰动词limited，“局限”，从语义上看exclusively“唯一的，仅仅”，符合上下文语境。
35. O vehicles
空格所在句子的含义为：在许多欧洲国家，柴油车辆在近几年变得更加普遍。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，来被diesel修饰，，从语义上看diesel vehicles表示柴油车辆，复合上下文语境。
【四级长篇阅读真题参考答案】
D 36. More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
B 37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
G 38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
A 39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
I 40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
F 41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teachers patients how to cook it.
C 42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
J 43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
E 44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
G 45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
【英语四级长篇阅读真题答案解析】
36. 答案：D
解析：D段中In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food与该题干More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.属于同义替换。
37. 答案：B
解析：B段中的 The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients与该题干There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.属于同义替换。
38. 答案：G
解析：G段中Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases与该题干There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.属于同义替换。
39. 答案：A
解析：A段中Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.与该题干 A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.属于同义替换。
40. 答案：I
解析：I 段中 So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. 与该题干Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.属于同义替换。
41. 答案：F
解析：F段中 The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. 与该题干One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.属于同义替换。
42. 答案：C
解析：C段中“So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”与该题干Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.属于同义替换。
43. 答案：J
解析：J段中的In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.与该题干Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.属于同义替换。
44. 答案：E
解析：E段中的 The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). 与该题干Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.属于同义替换。
45. 答案：G
解析：G段中的the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. 与该题干Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.属于同义替换。
46. 【B】 By drawing water from the depths of the earth。
答案解析：根据题干中的“California’s drought crisis”、“researchers”定位到文章第一段第三句“New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis”意为“最 新的研究表明，位于州地下的深水储量可以帮助解决干旱危机”，B选项意为“通过获取地表下深处的水源...”与原文意义相同，且 “drawing water”、“depth of the earth”可以和“deep water reserves”、“under the state” 进行同义替换，因此B选项正确。
47. 【B】It was not considered worth the expense.
答案解析：根据题干，“从地下提取水源”可以得出哪些结论，定位到原文第二段的内容，前两句主要说从深水层提取水花费会很高，尤其是第二句后半句“...,which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns”意为“抽水将会很贵并且还会有其他问题”。对比四个选项，只有B选项，“认为这笔花费不值得”可以对应，为正确选项。A选项“By building more reserves of groundwater”原文没有提及建立更多储水空间，为错误选项;C选项“建立更多的钻口设备”，原文没有提及可以排除;D选项“升级分配系统”原文也未提及，排除。
48. 【A】The sinking of land surface.
答案解析：题干意为“提取地下水的结果是什么?”，根据关键词定位到原文第二段第三句“The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface”意为“从这个深度提取水源最大的问题就是地表会逐渐下移”后面一句又进一步解释“As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.”“提取水源后，留下的空隙会被地表的重量压缩”。A选项意为“地表下沉”，符合原意，为正确选项，其他三个选项原文均未提及。
49. 【D】They provide a steady supply of freshwater.
答案解析：题干问作者关于深井的观点。根据“deep well”定位到原文第三段最后一句话的前半句“Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater，...”意为“这些深井是非常稳定的淡水资源”，对应四个选项，只有D选项“他们提供了一种稳定的淡水供给”符合，“reliable”和“steady”为近义词可替换，且有原词“freshwater”复现，因此为正确选项。
50. 【C】 The cost may go up due to desalination.
答案解析：题干问“当深水层被用于淡水资源来源地，可能会出现什么现象”，根据题干要求定位到第四段第二句“ This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost”意为“有些井可能在提取后需要进行脱盐，因此会增加成本”，注意结果词“thus”，对比四个选项，只有C选项提及成本可能会因为脱盐上升，为正确选项。
51.What does the author want to show with the example of Alpha Go——s victory?
D.Computers can become highly intelligent.
解析：首先按照题文同序原则以及关键词定位到文章第一段The Alpha Go program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.该句为段落中心句，阿尔法狗这一科研项目的成功，是计算机变得聪明和智能化的一个例证。smart同义替换intelligent，故D选项为本题正确答案。
52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
解析：通过acting ethically定位至文章第二段，第二段写到Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? 作者在该段发问，是否机器人在面临选择时，可以通过判断、权衡得失、做出合理性选择?并举例：人工智能无人驾驶车在路上行驶时，能否去避免撞到儿童，并且这样会使乘客陷入危险，在这样两难的选择中，如何权衡得失，做出最合理的行为。所以该题选择B选项。
53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
B.How to ensure that super-intelligent Al machines act ethically.
解析：根据关键词bigger challenge回文定位至文章第3段Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.使得机器人具有道德判断意识甚至比人类更加智能，这或将成为人类所面临的更大的挑战。故B选项为正选。
54. What do we learn from Microsoft’s “chat bot” Taylor?
A.She could not distinguish good from bad.
解析：通过关键词“chat bot” Taylor可定位至文章第四段，尾句but转折处but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.该句句意为：一些人教泰勒种族主义的思想，但她却表达了关于希特勒积极的言论。可见泰勒不能区分善恶与好坏。故此题A选项为正确选项。
55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
C.It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
解析：本题为态度题，通过专有名词Eric Schmidt定位至文章最后一段Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own Alpha Go. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. 说AI对人类是积极的，也就是说，可以作为人类的一种资产。故选择C。
【四级翻译参考译文】
Due to the rapid development of communication network, the number of Chinese smartphone users has grown at an alarming rate in recent years. This has dramatically changed the ways of reading for many people. They now often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers. The development of a large number of mobile applications enables people to read novels and other forms of literature works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the sale of paper books has been affected. But the survey shows that despite the steady growth of the mobile phones’ reading market, more than half of adults still like to read paper books.
【四级翻译答案解析】
2018年12月四级翻译真题一共包含5句话，读完整个段落，我们发现其描述的是现如今一种普遍存在的现象，所以，在翻译的过程中，广大考生选取一般现在时便可。确定完时态后，接下来我们要做的便是精简结构，具体如下：
①由于......的......发展，......数量......增长。
②这......改变了......的......方式。
③他们......，而不......。
④......使人们能......
⑤因此，......的......受到了影响。
⑥但......，尽管......，......仍......。
掌握了上述结构之后，广大考生需要做的便是将段落中涉及的词汇进行翻译，再结合具体实际采用不同的结构进行表述，最终呈现出完整的文章。“由于”一词的翻译我们通常采用“due to”比较地道，“通信网络”一词是计算机科学技术领域的专有名词，译为“communication network”，“以惊人的速度增长”的常用表达是“at an alarming rate”。掌握了以上这些关键点后，权衡好语句的表述重心，完整地译出整句话便不成难题。接下来的几句话中涉及的词汇并不是很难，只要大家平时广泛阅读，勤奋积累，完全可以应对上述词汇的翻译。
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